Topic: 断点续传的原理(摘自javacn.net)

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1.断点续传的原理(摘自javacn.net) Copy to clipboard
Posted by: jerrylees654321
Posted on: 2003-03-28 17:11

钟华 (zhong_hua@263.net)
2001 年 5 月
(一)断点续传的原理
其实断点续传的原理很简单,就是在Http的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已。
打个比方,浏览器请求服务器上的一个文时,所发出的请求如下:
假设服务器域名为wwww.sjtu.edu.cn,文件名为down.zip。
GET /down.zip HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-
excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)
Connection: Keep-Alive

服务器收到请求后,按要求寻找请求的文件,提取文件的信息,然后返回给浏览器,返回信息如下:

200
Content-Length=106786028
Accept-Ranges=bytes
Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT
ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
Content-Type=application/octet-stream
Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0
Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT

 

所谓断点续传,也就是要从文件已经下载的地方开始继续下载。所以在客户端浏览器传给
Web服务器的时候要多加一条信息--从哪里开始。
下面是用自己编的一个"浏览器"来传递请求信息给Web服务器,要求从2000070字节开始。
GET /down.zip HTTP/1.0
User-Agent: NetFox
RANGE: bytes=2000070-
Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2

仔细看一下就会发现多了一行RANGE: bytes=2000070-
这一行的意思就是告诉服务器down.zip这个文件从2000070字节开始传,前面的字节不用传了。
服务器收到这个请求以后,返回的信息如下:
206
Content-Length=106786028
Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT
ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
Content-Type=application/octet-stream
Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0
Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT

和前面服务器返回的信息比较一下,就会发现增加了一行:
Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
返回的代码也改为206了,而不再是200了。

知道了以上原理,就可以进行断点续传的编程了。

(二)Java实现断点续传的关键几点

(1)用什么方法实现提交RANGE: bytes=2000070-。
当然用最原始的Socket是肯定能完成的,不过那样太费事了,其实Java的net包中提供了这种功能。代码如下:
URL url = new URL("http://www.sjtu.edu.cn/down.zip");
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection

 

();
//设置User-Agent
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");
//设置断点续传的开始位置
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE","bytes=2000070");
//获得输入流
InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream();

从输入流中取出的字节流就是down.zip文件从2000070开始的字节流。
大家看,其实断点续传用Java实现起来还是很简单的吧。
接下来要做的事就是怎么保存获得的流到文件中去了。

保存文件采用的方法。
我采用的是IO包中的RandAccessFile类。
操作相当简单,假设从2000070处开始保存文件,代码如下:
RandomAccess oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile("down.zip","rw");
long nPos = 2000070;
//定位文件指针到nPos位置
oSavedFile.seek(nPos);
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int nRead;
//从输入流中读入字节流,然后写到文件中
while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0)
{
oSavedFile.write(b,0,nRead);
}

怎么样,也很简单吧。
接下来要做的就是整合成一个完整的程序了。包括一系列的线程控制等等。

(三)断点续传内核的实现
主要用了6个类,包括一个测试类。
SiteFileFetch.java负责整个文件的抓取,控制内部线程(FileSplitterFetch类)。
FileSplitterFetch.java负责部分文件的抓取。
FileAccess.java负责文件的存储。
SiteInfoBean.java要抓取的文件的信息,如文件保存的目录,名字,抓取文件的URL等。
Utility.java工具类,放一些简单的方法。
TestMethod.java测试类。

下面是源程序:
/*
**SiteFileFetch.java
*/
package NetFox;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class SiteFileFetch extends Thread {

SiteInfoBean siteInfoBean = null; //文件信息Bean
long[] nStartPos; //开始位置
long[] nEndPos; //结束位置
FileSplitterFetch[] fileSplitterFetch; //子线程对象
long nFileLength; //文件长度
boolean bFirst = true; //是否第一次取文件
boolean bStop = false; //停止标志
File tmpFile; //文件下载的临时信息
DataOutputStream output; //输出到文件的输出流

public SiteFileFetch(SiteInfoBean bean) throws IOException
{
siteInfoBean = bean;
//tmpFile = File.createTempFile ("zhong","1111",new File(bean.getSFilePath()));
tmpFile = new File(bean.getSFilePath()+File.separator + bean.getSFileName()+".info");
if(tmpFile.exists ())
{
bFirst = false;
read_nPos();
}
else
{
nStartPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()];
nEndPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()];
}

}

public void run()
{
//获得文件长度
//分割文件
//实例FileSplitterFetch
//启动FileSplitterFetch线程
//等待子线程返回
try{
if(bFirst)
{
nFileLength = getFileSize();
if(nFileLength == -1)
{
System.err.println("File Length is not known!");
}
else if(nFileLength == -2)
{
System.err.println("File is not access!");
}
else
{
for(int i=0;i new FileSplitterFetch( siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(),
siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),
nStartPos[i],nEndPos[i],i);
Utility.log( " Thread " + i + " , nStartPos =" + nStartPos[i]+", nEndPos = " + nEndPos[i]);
fileSplitterFetch[i].start();
}
// fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(),
siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName() , nPos[nPos.length-1], nFileLength, nPos.length-1);
// Utility.log("Thread " + (nPos.length-1 ) + " , nStartPos = " + nPos[nPos.length-1] + ",
nEndPos = " + nFileLength);
// fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1].start();

//等待子线程结束
//int count = 0;
//是否结束while循环
boolean breakWhile = false;

while(!bStop)
{
write_nPos();
Utility.sleep(500);
breakWhile = true;

for(int i=0;i4)
// siteStop();
}

System.err.println("文件下载结束!");
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}

//获得文件长度
public long getFileSize()
{
int nFileLength = -1;
try{
URL url = new URL(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL());
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection ();
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");

int responseCode=httpConnection.getResponseCode();
if(responseCode>=400)
{
processErrorCode(responseCode);
return -2; //-2 represent access is error
}

String sHeader;

for(int i=1;;i++)
{
//DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(httpConnection.getInputStream ());
//Utility.log(in.readLine());
sHeader=httpConnection.getHeaderFieldKeyLight Bulb;
if(sHeader!=null)
{
if(sHeader.equals("Content-Length"))
{
nFileLength = Integer.parseInt(httpConnection.getHeaderField(sHeader));
break;
}
}
else
break;
}
}
catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}

Utility.log(nFileLength);

return nFileLength;
}

//保存下载信息(文件指针位置)
private void write_nPos()
{
try{
output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tmpFile));
output.writeInt(nStartPos.length);
for(int i=0;iDataInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpFile));
int nCount = input.readInt();
nStartPos = new long[nCount];
nEndPos = new long[nCount];
for(int i=0;i 0 & & nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop)
{
nStartPos += fileAccessI.write(b,0,nRead);
//if(nThreadID == 1)
// Utility.log("nStartPos = " + nStartPos + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos);
}

Utility.log("Thread " + nThreadID + " is over!");
bDownOver = true;
//nPos = fileAccessI.write (b,0,nRead);
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
}

//打印回应的头信息
public void logResponseHead(HttpURLConnection con)
{
for(int i=1;;i++)
{
String header=con.getHeaderFieldKeyLight Bulb;
if(header!=null)
//responseHeaders.put(header,httpConnection.getHeaderField(header));
Utility.log(header+" : "+con.getHeaderField(header));
else
break;
}
}

public void splitterStop()
{
bStop = true;
}

}

/*
**FileAccess.java
*/
package NetFox;
import java.io.*;

public class FileAccessI implements Serializable{

RandomAccessFile oSavedFile;
long nPos;

public FileAccessI() throws IOException
{
this("",0);
}

public FileAccessI(String sName,long nPos) throws IOException
{
oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(sName,"rw");
this.nPos = nPos;
oSavedFile.seek(nPos);
}

public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nStart,int nLen)
{
int n = -1;
try{
oSavedFile.write(b,nStart,nLen);
n = nLen;
}
catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace ();
}

return n;
}

}

/*
**SiteInfoBean.java
*/
package NetFox;

public class SiteInfoBean {

private String sSiteURL; //Site's URL
private String sFilePath; //Saved File's Path
private String sFileName; //Saved File's Name
private int nSplitter; //Count of Splited Downloading File

public SiteInfoBean()
{
//default value of nSplitter is 5
this("","","",5);
}

public SiteInfoBean(String sURL,String sPath,String sName,int nSpiltter)
{
sSiteURL= sURL;
sFilePath = sPath;
sFileName = sName;
this.nSplitter = nSpiltter;

}

public String getSSiteURL()
{
return sSiteURL;
}

public void setSSiteURL(String value)
{
sSiteURL = value;
}

public String getSFilePath()
{
return sFilePath;
}

public void setSFilePath(String value)
{
sFilePath = value;
}

public String getSFileName()
{
return sFileName;
}

public void setSFileName(String value)
{
sFileName = value;
}

public int getNSplitter()
{
return nSplitter;
}

public void setNSplitter(int nCount)
{
nSplitter = nCount;
}
}

/*
**Utility.java
*/
package NetFox;

public class Utility {

public Utility()
{

}

public static void sleep(int nSecond)
{
try{
Thread.sleep(nSecond);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace ();
}
}

public static void log(String sMsg)
{
System.err.println(sMsg);
}

public static void log(int sMsg)
{
System.err.println(sMsg);
}
}

/*
**TestMethod.java
*/
package NetFox;

public class TestMethod {

public TestMethod()
{ ///xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe
try{
SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost/xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe"," L: emp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
//SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost:8080/down.zip"," L: emp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
SiteFileFetch fileFetch = new SiteFileFetch(bean);
fileFetch.start();
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}

}

public static void main(String[] args)
{
new TestMethod();
}
}


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